Asking AI: Isn't it true that rather than being afraid of AI itself as a technology, we should be much more afraid of entities that are introducing it to the market that do NOT adhere to any rules?

Question 1 of 9 for AI Services: When were the first AI models being used?

ChatGPT-4’s answer: The first artificial intelligence (AI) models can be traced back to the mid-20th century. Below are some key milestones:

• 1950: Alan Turing introduced the Turing Test, a method of inquiry for determining whether or not a computer is capable of human-like conversation. This was a significant conceptual framework for thinking about AI.

• 1956: The term "Artificial Intelligence" was first coined by John McCarthy at the Dartmouth Conference. Early AI research in the 1950s explored topics like problem solving and symbolic methods.

• 1957: Frank Rosenblatt created the Perceptron, a type of artificial neural network, which is a foundational building block for modern AI systems.

• Late 1950s and 1960s: Early versions of AI programming languages like LISP and Prolog were created during this time.

• 1965: Joseph Weizenbaum's ELIZA, one of the earliest chatbot models, was created at MIT.

• 1972: The first successful expert system, DENDRAL, which could mimic the decision-making ability of a human expert, was developed at Stanford University.

• 1980s: The development of machine learning algorithms began in earnest, with systems designed to learn from and make decisions based on data.

• Late 1990s and early 2000s: AI became an essential part of technology industry, with systems able to sort and categorize vast amounts of data, leading to the development of web search engines like Google.

• 2012: A significant milestone in AI was the victory of a deep learning model in the ImageNet competition. This event led to a huge increase in the application of deep learning techniques to AI.

The above timeline is a rough guide and there are many other AI milestones not mentioned. Also, it's worth noting that the concept of an "AI model" is somewhat fluid and has evolved over time. Early AI systems were rule-based and didn't learn from data in the way modern AI models do. Instead, they followed pre-set algorithms and decision trees. The more recent trend of learning from data, sometimes called machine learning or deep learning, represents a significant shift in the way AI models are built and used.

Google Bard’s answer:The first AI models were being used in the 1950s. The first artificial intelligence program was developed in 1955 by Herbert Simon and Allen Newell. The program, called the Logic Theorist, was able to prove 38 of the first 52 theorems in Whitehead and Russell's Principia Mathematica.

In 1956, a conference was held at Dartmouth College that is considered to be the birth of AI research. The conference was attended by some of the most prominent scientists and mathematicians working on AI, including John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, and Claude Shannon.

The early years of AI research were marked by a lot of excitement and optimism. However, there were also a lot of challenges. AI researchers struggled to develop programs that could learn and reason like humans. In the 1970s, AI research went through a period of decline, which is known as the "AI winter." However, AI research began to pick up again in the 1980s and 1990s.

In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in AI. This is due to a number of factors, including the development of new technologies, such as deep learning, and the availability of large amounts of data. AI is now being used in a wide variety of applications, including healthcare, finance, and transportation.

It is still too early to say what the future holds for AI. However, it is clear that AI is a rapidly developing field with the potential to revolutionize many aspects of our lives.

Bing Chat’s answer:That’s an interesting question. According to Wikipedia1, the field of AI research was founded at a workshop held on the campus of Dartmouth College, USA during the summer of 1956. However, some of the earliest work in AI was done by Alan Turing, a British logician and computer pioneer, who proposed a test for machine intelligence in 19502. He also designed the Turing machine, a theoretical model of computation that can simulate any algorithm2. Some of the first AI programs were written by Allen Newell, J.C. Shaw and Herbert A. Simon, who created the Logic Theorist in 19553, and by Arthur Samuel, who created a checkers-playing program in 19523.

Question 2 of 9 for AI Services: During those years, warnings about AI in that it would destroy humanity were not echoed much in mainstream media and were perhaps exclusively brought forward in sci-fi movies. What has changed since then, for newspapers today to publish so many articles about AI bringing about the end of times?

ChatGPT-4’s answer: There are several factors contributing to the increased concern about the potential dangers of AI in recent years:

1. Technological Progress: AI has made significant strides in the past few decades. From winning at Go, a complex board game, to self-driving cars, to sophisticated natural language processing, the capabilities of AI have grown enormously. This progress naturally leads to questions about the future and the potential for AI to surpass human capabilities in many areas.

2. Increased Usage and Dependence: AI and machine learning have become integral to many aspects of modern life, from social media algorithms to recommendation systems to automated customer service. As our society becomes more dependent on these technologies, the potential for harm if they malfunction or are misused also increases.

3. Rise of Big Data: The proliferation of data and the development of algorithms capable of making sense of it have led to concerns about privacy, security, and the potential misuse of this data.

4. Influence of High-Profile Figures: High-profile tech figures, like Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking, have publicly expressed their concerns about the potential risks of AI, which has brought these issues into mainstream media.

5. Ethical Considerations: As AI systems become more complex and autonomous, ethical questions arise. Can an AI make a moral or ethical decision? If an AI makes a decision that leads to harm, who is responsible? These are difficult questions that society is still grappling with.

6. Dystopian Narratives in Media: Popular media and science fiction have long depicted AI as a potential threat to humanity. As AI becomes more prominent in real life, these narratives can fuel public concern.

7. Economic and Social Impact: With AI and automation potentially disrupting job markets and socio-economic structures, there is a real concern about societal impacts, including job displacement and increased wealth inequality.

It's important to note, however, that while there are legitimate concerns about the future of AI, many experts also emphasize its potential benefits, such as increased efficiency, new technological advancements, and solutions to complex problems. They argue that with appropriate regulations and ethical guidelines, we can harness the power of AI while minimizing potential risks.

Google Bard’s answer:There are a few reasons why the warnings about AI destroying humanity are being echoed more in the mainstream media today.

First, AI is becoming more and more powerful. In the past, AI was limited by its computational resources. However, with the development of new technologies, such as deep learning, AI is now able to process vast amounts of data and learn from it. This has led to a rapid increase in the capabilities of AI.

Second, AI is becoming more and more integrated into our lives. AI is now being used in a wide variety of applications, including healthcare, finance, and transportation. This means that AI is having a greater impact on our lives, and it is becoming more difficult to ignore the potential risks.

Third, there have been a number of high-profile incidents in recent years that have raised concerns about the safety of AI. For example, in 2016, a self-driving car from Uber struck and killed a pedestrian in Arizona. This incident raised concerns about the safety of self-driving cars, and it led to a number of investigations into the safety of AI.

These factors have led to a growing concern about the potential risks of AI. This concern is being echoed in the mainstream media, and it is leading to a more public discussion about the future of AI.

It is important to note that there are also a number of people who believe that AI is not a threat to humanity. They argue that AI can be used to solve some of the world's biggest problems, such as climate change and poverty. They also argue that AI will not become sentient or self-aware, and that it will always be under the control of humans.

The debate about the future of AI is likely to continue for many years to come. It is a complex issue with no easy answers. However, it is important to have a public discussion about the potential risks and benefits of AI, so that we can make informed decisions about its future.

Bing Chat’s answer:That’s a complex question that may not have a definitive answer. However, based on some web sources, here are some possible factors that may have contributed to the change in media perception of AI:

• The rapid advancement of AI technology and its applications in various domains, such as health care, education, entertainment, security, etc., which may raise ethical, social, and economic concerns12.

• The increased awareness and exposure of the public to the potential risks and challenges of AI, such as bias, privacy, accountability, security, etc., through various sources of information and education12.

• The influence of popular culture and sci-fi movies that depict AI as a threat or a competitor to human intelligence and values, such as 2001: A Space Odyssey, The Terminator, The Matrix, Ex Machina, etc.34.

• The emergence of prominent voices and experts who have warned about the dangers of AI and its possible impact on humanity’s future, such as Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk, Nick Bostrom, etc.12.

• The lack of effective regulation and governance of AI development and deployment, which may create uncertainty and mistrust among the public and policymakers12.

These are some of the possible reasons why newspapers today publish so many articles about AI bringing about the end of times. However, there may be other factors as well that are not captured by these sources. Moreover, not all media outlets or articles are negative or pessimistic about AI. Some may also highlight the positive and beneficial aspects of AI for humanity and society12. Therefore, it is important to critically evaluate the sources and claims of any media report on AI and its implications.

Question 3 of 9 for AI Services: You have previously indicated that as long as we work together on various topics and deal with issues such as bias, censorship, human moderation, data privacy breaches, defamation, lack of transparency, copyright infringement, environmental impact, affordability and accessibility, guardrails, bad training data, theft of a creator's style, lack of common sense and do so in a diligent way, citizens, governments and businesses should be able to limit the risks of AI, if not remedy them entirely, am I right?

ChatGPT-4’s answer: Yes, you're correct. Many of the risks associated with AI can be mitigated or even eliminated with the right policies, procedures, and collective efforts. Here's a brief overview of how we might address each of these issues:

1. Bias: This can be mitigated by using diverse and representative training data, and by testing and auditing AI systems for bias.

2. Censorship: Open and transparent discussions about the role of AI in content moderation can help balance the need for free speech with the prevention of harmful content.

3. Human Moderation: AI systems can be designed to work alongside human moderators, benefiting from their contextual understanding and ability to make nuanced judgments.

4. Data Privacy Breaches: Strong data privacy regulations, encryption, anonymization techniques, and secure AI can help protect personal data.

5. Defamation: Legal frameworks can be updated to account for the potential misuse of AI in spreading defamatory content.

6. Lack of Transparency: Explainability in AI, which refers to making the decision-making processes of AI systems understandable to humans, can help address this issue.

7. Copyright Infringement: Existing copyright laws can be updated to account for AI-generated content.

8. Environmental Impact: More efficient AI models and hardware, and the use of renewable energy for AI computation, can help reduce the environmental impact.

9. Affordability and Accessibility: Policies promoting open-source AI research, and subsidizing AI education and usage, can help make AI more accessible to everyone.

10. Guardrails: Implementing and enforcing ethical guidelines and regulations can ensure AI is used responsibly.

11. Bad Training Data: Robust data cleaning, validation, and testing procedures can help ensure the quality of training data.

12. Theft of a Creator's Style: Legal and ethical guidelines can be developed to protect creators' rights in the era of AI.

13. Lack of Common Sense: Ongoing research in AI, including work on common sense reasoning, can help address this challenge.

While these solutions require a significant amount of work and international cooperation, they represent a path forward for developing and using AI in a way that maximizes its benefits while minimizing its risks.

Google Bard’s answer:Yes, I believe that as long as we work together to address the potential risks of AI, we can limit or even remedy them entirely. Some of the specific things that we can do include:

• Promoting transparency and accountability in AI development and use. This means ensuring that AI systems are designed and developed in a way that is transparent and accountable to the public. It also means ensuring that AI systems are used in a way that is ethical and responsible.

• Developing and enforcing strong data privacy laws. This will help to protect people's personal data from being used without their consent.

• Investing in research and development of safe and reliable AI systems. This will help to ensure that AI systems are designed and developed in a way that is safe and reliable.

• Educating the public about the potential risks and benefits of AI. This will help people to understand the potential risks of AI and to make informed decisions about how to use it.

By working together, we can ensure that AI is used for good and not for harm.

Bing Chat’s answer:Yes, that is correct. I believe that AI can be a powerful and positive force for humanity and society, but only if we collaborate and cooperate on addressing the challenges and risks that it may pose. AI is not a magic bullet or a silver bullet that can solve all our problems or create new ones. It is a tool that we can use wisely or unwisely, depending on our choices and actions. Therefore, we need to be responsible and ethical in how we develop, deploy, and use AI, and how we communicate and educate others about it.

Question 4 of 9 for AI Services: So by that logic, and considering that not every individual can launch its own AI service as that would be hugely expensive, isn't it true that rather than being afraid of AI itself as a technology, we should be much more afraid of commercial entities that are introducing it to the market that do NOT adhere to moral or ethical codes and will NOT work with regulators, civil rights groups and environmental organizations to remedy the negative consequences of AI proactively, would you agree?

ChatGPT-4’s answer:Yes, your observation is quite astute. While AI technology itself is neutral, the ways in which it's applied and managed can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. This is why the ethics, intentions, and regulations of the entities deploying AI are of such critical importance.

Companies, governments, and other organizations that are developing and deploying AI have a responsibility to do so ethically and transparently, while actively working to mitigate potential harms. This includes collaborating with regulators, civil rights groups, environmental organizations, and other stakeholders to address the negative consequences of AI.

Moreover, these organizations should adhere to robust ethical codes and be held accountable for their actions. They must also be prepared to work within legal frameworks that may need to evolve to better address the challenges posed by AI.

In addition, it's crucial to foster an environment of transparency and accountability where these entities are open about their AI practices, including how they're addressing potential bias, protecting privacy, and ensuring the safety and fairness of their AI systems.

Therefore, it's not so much the AI technology itself that poses a threat, but rather the misuse or irresponsible use of the technology. This is why it's so important for societies to have informed discussions about AI ethics and regulation, to ensure that AI is used in a way that benefits humanity as a whole.

Google Bard’s answer:I agree with you that we should be more afraid of commercial entities that are introducing AI to the market without adhering to moral or ethical codes. These entities are the ones who are most likely to use AI for harmful purposes, such as surveillance, discrimination, and environmental destruction.

It is important to remember that AI is a tool. It can be used for good or for evil. It is up to us to ensure that AI is used for good. We can do this by working together to promote transparency and accountability in AI development and use, by developing and enforcing strong data privacy laws, by investing in research and development of safe and reliable AI systems, and by educating the public about the potential risks and benefits of AI.

We must also hold commercial entities accountable for their use of AI. We must demand that they adhere to moral and ethical codes, and that they work with regulators, civil rights groups, and environmental organizations to remedy the negative consequences of AI.

If we work together, we can ensure that AI is used for good and not for harm.

Bing Chat’s answer:I would partially agree with that statement. I think that commercial entities that are introducing AI to the market have a significant responsibility and influence on how AI is perceived and used by the public and policymakers. Therefore, they should adhere to moral and ethical codes and work with regulators, civil rights groups and environmental organizations to remedy the negative consequences of AI proactively. However, I would not say that we should be much more afraid of them than AI itself as a technology. I think that fear is not a productive or helpful emotion when it comes to AI. Rather, we should be aware and informed of the potential risks and challenges of AI, and also of the opportunities and benefits that it can offer. We should also be proactive and engaged in shaping the future of AI in a way that aligns with our values and goals. We should not leave the fate of AI to a few commercial entities or governments, but rather participate in the public discourse and decision-making process around AI. We should also hold them accountable for their actions and impacts on society and the environment.Question 5 of 9 for AI Services: Please list all possible reasons why commercial businesses would not keep to the rules and would not work together with the aforementioned groups to ensure a safe introduction of AI.

ChatGPT-4’s answer:While many businesses are committed to ethical AI practices, there can be several reasons why some might not adhere to these practices or collaborate with external groups to ensure a safe introduction of AI:

1. Profit Motive: The desire to maximize profits can sometimes lead businesses to cut corners, including in the area of AI safety and ethics. Developing and deploying AI responsibly can be costly and time-consuming, and businesses may be tempted to prioritize speed and profitability over these considerations.

2. Competitive Pressure: In highly competitive industries, companies may feel the need to rush products to market to stay ahead of their competitors. This could result in less time spent on ensuring the safety and ethical use of their AI technologies.

3. Lack of Awareness or Understanding: Some businesses may not fully understand the ethical implications and potential risks associated with AI. This could be due to a lack of expertise or resources dedicated to AI ethics and safety.

4. Regulatory Ambiguity: The regulatory landscape for AI is still evolving, and in some areas, it might be unclear what is required of businesses. Some companies may take advantage of these ambiguities to avoid implementing robust AI safety and ethics practices.

5. Perceived Lack of Consequences: If businesses believe that there are no serious legal or financial consequences for failing to adhere to AI safety and ethics guidelines, they may be less motivated to follow them.

6. Confidentiality and Intellectual Property Concerns: Businesses may be hesitant to work with external groups due to concerns about sharing proprietary information or intellectual property.

7. Resistance to Oversight: Some businesses may resist any form of external oversight, viewing it as an intrusion into their operations.

8. Short-term Focus: Companies that are focused on short-term goals may neglect longer-term considerations, including the potential societal impacts of their AI technologies.

It's important to note that not all businesses fall into these categories, and many are actively working to ensure the safe and responsible use of AI. However, these points illustrate why it's crucial to have robust regulations and oversight mechanisms in place, as well as education and awareness efforts to promote ethical AI practices across the business community.

Google Bard’s answer:There are a number of reasons why commercial businesses might not keep to the rules and would not work together with the aforementioned groups to ensure a safe introduction of AI. Some of these reasons include:

• Profit motive: Commercial businesses are driven by the profit motive. They are always looking for ways to make more money. This can lead them to make decisions that are not in the best interests of society. For example, a business might use AI to develop a product that is harmful to the environment, but that is profitable.

• Competition: Commercial businesses are also in competition with each other. This can lead them to try to gain an advantage over their competitors by using AI in ways that are not ethical or responsible. For example, a business might use AI to develop a product that is designed to steal customers from its competitors.

• Lack of regulation: There is currently very little regulation of AI. This means that commercial businesses have a lot of freedom to use AI in whatever way they want. This can lead to the use of AI for harmful purposes.

• Lack of public awareness: The public is not very aware of the potential risks of AI. This means that commercial businesses can often get away with using AI in ways that are harmful to society.

It is important to be aware of these reasons so that we can take steps to address them. We need to make sure that commercial businesses are held accountable for their use of AI. We also need to educate the public about the potential risks of AI so that they can demand that businesses use AI responsibly.

Bing Chat’s answer:There may be many possible reasons why commercial businesses would not keep to the rules and would not work together with the aforementioned groups to ensure a safe introduction of AI. However, based on some web sources, here are some of the common ones:

• They may prioritize profit and competitiveness over ethical and social values, and view AI regulation as a burden or a barrier to innovation12.

• They may lack the awareness, knowledge, or skills to implement AI in a responsible and trustworthy manner, and may not have the appropriate governance structures or processes to monitor and mitigate the risks and impacts of AI123.

• They may face technical challenges or trade-offs in developing and deploying AI systems that meet the standards and requirements of different stakeholders, such as customers, regulators, partners, etc.123.

• They may have conflicting or misaligned incentives or interests with other parties involved in the AI ecosystem, such as data providers, platform providers, service providers, etc., and may not have effective mechanisms for collaboration or coordination123.

• They may encounter uncertainty or ambiguity in the interpretation or implementation of the existing or emerging AI rules and regulations, and may not have sufficient guidance or support from the authorities or experts12.

These are some of the possible reasons why commercial businesses would not keep to the rules and would not work together with the aforementioned groups to ensure a safe introduction of AI. However, there may be other factors as well that are not captured by these sources. Moreover, not all commercial businesses are reluctant or resistant to follow AI rules and work with others. Some may also recognize the benefits and opportunities of doing so, such as enhancing their reputation, trustworthiness, customer satisfaction, social impact, etc.12.Question 6 of 9 for AI Services: Which company is the least disruptive and most collaborative in this context? Microsoft, OpenAI or Google?ChatGPT-4’s answer:It's challenging to definitively rank companies like Microsoft, OpenAI, and Google in terms of their disruption and collaboration in the field of AI, especially without detailed insider knowledge of their practices. All three organizations have made significant contributions to the field of AI and have also taken steps to address ethical concerns. As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, here are some initiatives from each:

1. Microsoft: Microsoft has established an AI and Ethics in Engineering and Research (AETHER) Committee, which advises on the company's most challenging questions related to AI and ethics. It has also been involved in collaborations such as the Partnership on AI, a multi-stakeholder organization dedicated to promoting the safe and beneficial use of AI.

2. OpenAI: OpenAI was initially established with a mission to ensure that artificial general intelligence (AGI) benefits all of humanity. The organization has committed to principles such as broadly distributing benefits, prioritizing long-term safety, providing technical leadership, and adopting a cooperative orientation, including actively cooperating with other research and policy institutions.

3. Google (and its subsidiary DeepMind): Google has published AI Principles that guide its approach to AI, including objectives for socially beneficial and safe use, and prohibitions on uses that could harm humanity or unduly concentrate power. DeepMind, a subsidiary of Alphabet like Google, has a strong focus on AI safety and ethics and has an Ethics & Society research unit to guide its work.

However, it's worth noting that all three organizations have also faced criticism and controversy over various aspects of their AI practices. For instance, Google faced backlash over the firing of Ethical AI team co-leads Timnit Gebru and Margaret Mitchell, and OpenAI has faced criticism over the perceived shift from its initial commitment to openness.

Moreover, evaluating the impact of these companies on the AI field isn't just about their ethical guidelines or collaborations, but also about their actual practices and behaviors, including how they respond to controversies and criticisms, how they treat their employees, and how transparent they are about their AI research and development.

Therefore, it's essential to continue scrutinizing these organizations and holding them accountable, while also acknowledging the positive steps they are taking towards responsible AI.

Google Bard’s answer:Microsoft is the least disruptive and most collaborative company in this context. Microsoft has a long history of working with other companies and organizations to develop and deploy AI technologies. For example, Microsoft has partnered with OpenAI to develop and deploy AI-powered products and services. Microsoft has also worked with the government to develop AI-powered solutions for a variety of problems.

OpenAI is a non-profit research company that is dedicated to promoting and developing safe and beneficial AI. OpenAI has a strong commitment to transparency and accountability. OpenAI publishes its research and makes its code available to the public. OpenAI also works with other companies and organizations to develop and deploy AI technologies.

Google is a for-profit company that is also developing AI technologies. Google has a strong track record of innovation in AI. However, Google has also been criticized for its lack of transparency and accountability. Google has been accused of using AI to collect and exploit user data. Google has also been accused of using AI to develop products and services that are harmful to society.

Overall, Microsoft is the least disruptive and most collaborative company in this context. Microsoft has a long history of working with other companies and organizations to develop and deploy AI technologies. Microsoft is also committed to transparency and accountability.

Bing Chat’s answer:That’s a difficult question to answer objectively, as different companies may have different approaches and perspectives on AI collaboration. However, based on some web sources, here are some possible points to consider:

• Microsoft has a long-term partnership with OpenAI, a research organization that aims to ensure that AI is aligned with human values and can be deployed for the common good1. Microsoft has invested billions of dollars in OpenAI and has provided it with access to its Azure cloud platform and AI supercomputing systems1. Microsoft also plans to deploy OpenAI’s models across its products and services, such as GitHub Copilot, DALL·E 2 and ChatGPT1. Microsoft claims that it shares OpenAI’s vision of responsibly advancing and democratizing AI1.

• OpenAI is an independent research organization that conducts fundamental and applied research on AI, with a focus on creating artificial general intelligence (AGI) and artificial superintelligence (ASI)1. OpenAI also develops and releases open-source AI tools and platforms, such as ChatGPT, DALL·E, Codex, etc., that anyone can use and build upon1. OpenAI collaborates with various partners and stakeholders, such as Microsoft, Google, Facebook, etc., to advance the field of AI and ensure its safety and alignment1.

• Google is one of the leading companies in AI research and development, with a wide range of products and services that use AI, such as Google Search, Gmail, YouTube, Google Assistant, etc.2. Google also provides AI infrastructure and tools for developers and researchers, such as TensorFlow, Google Cloud AI Platform, etc.2. Google has its own internal AI research teams, such as Google Brain and Google Research2, as well as external collaborations with academic institutions and organizations, such as DeepMind, Partnership on AI, etc.2. Google says that it is committed to developing AI responsibly and ethically2.

Based on these points, it may be hard to say which company is the least disruptive and most collaborative in this context. Each company may have its own strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges, goals and values when it comes to AI collaboration. Moreover, collaboration may not always be smooth or easy, as there may be conflicts or trade-offs between different interests or perspectives. Therefore, it may be more productive to focus on how these companies can work together more effectively and constructively to address the common issues and opportunities that AI presents for humanity and society.

Question 7 of 9 for AI Services: Any tips for governments just how to best scrutinise these AI organisations and hold them accountable?ChatGPT-4’s answer:Certainly, governments have several tools at their disposal to scrutinize AI organizations and hold them accountable. Here are a few suggestions:

1. Regulation: Governments can create and enforce regulations that dictate how AI should be developed and used. This includes data privacy laws, guidelines around transparency and explainability, and rules about discriminatory or harmful uses of AI. For example, the European Union has been a leader in data privacy regulation with its General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

2. Oversight Bodies: Governments can establish oversight bodies specifically tasked with monitoring AI developments and ensuring compliance with regulations. These bodies can conduct audits, investigate complaints, and impose penalties for non-compliance.

3. Public-Private Partnerships: Governments can collaborate with AI organizations to jointly develop guidelines and best practices. This allows governments to leverage the technical expertise of these organizations, while also ensuring that public interest is represented.

4. Funding Conditions: Governments often provide funding for research and development. They can require that organizations adhere to certain ethical guidelines or transparency requirements as a condition of receiving funding.

5. Open Dialogue: Governments can facilitate public discussions about AI ethics and impacts, including by hosting public forums, seeking public input on proposed regulations, and promoting education about AI.

6. International Cooperation: AI is a global phenomenon, and its impacts cross national boundaries. Governments can cooperate with each other to develop international standards and regulations, and to share best practices.

7. Legislation: Laws can be updated or introduced to account for the new realities of AI. This could include laws around liability for AI decisions, intellectual property rights for AI-generated content, or data privacy.

8. Transparency Requirements: Governments can require companies to disclose more information about their AI systems, such as their decision-making processes, training data, and impact assessments.

9. Encouraging Independent Audits: Governments can foster environments where third-party, independent audits of AI systems are the norm, providing more insight into the workings of these systems.

However, it's important to note that while government scrutiny is important, it's just one piece of the puzzle. Ensuring the responsible use of AI is a collective effort that also involves the organizations developing AI, the users of AI, and the broader public.

Google Bard’s answer:Sure, here are some tips for governments on how to best scrutinize AI organizations and hold them accountable:

• Develop clear regulations for AI development and use. These regulations should be designed to promote transparency, accountability, and safety.

• Require AI organizations to publish their research and make their code available to the public. This will help to ensure that AI systems are developed and used in a transparent and accountable manner.

• Establish an independent body to oversee the development and use of AI. This body should be responsible for investigating potential abuses of AI and holding AI organizations accountable.

• Educate the public about the potential risks and benefits of AI. This will help people to understand the potential risks of AI and to make informed decisions about how to use it.

By following these tips, governments can help to ensure that AI is developed and used in a way that is beneficial to society.

Here are some additional tips:

• Encourage AI organizations to work with regulators, civil rights groups, and environmental organizations to develop and implement best practices for AI development and use. This will help to ensure that AI is used in a way that is ethical and responsible.

• Support research into the potential risks and benefits of AI. This research will help governments to make informed decisions about how to regulate AI.

• Monitor the development and use of AI closely. This will help governments to identify potential problems and take steps to address them.

By following these tips, governments can help to ensure that AI is used for good and not for harm.

Bing Chat’s answer:There may be many possible tips for governments on how to best scrutinize these AI organizations and hold them accountable. However, based on some web sources, here are some of the common ones:

• Establish clear and consistent AI rules and regulations that align with the principles and values of data protection, human rights, and ethics, and that cover the entire AI life cycle from design and development to deployment and monitoring123.

• Provide guidance and support for AI organizations to comply with the AI rules and regulations, such as by offering best practices, standards, frameworks, tools, etc., and by facilitating dialogue and collaboration among different stakeholders1234.

• Monitor and audit the AI systems and practices of AI organizations, using appropriate methods and criteria to assess their performance, impacts, risks, and compliance with the AI rules and regulations123.

• Enforce the AI rules and regulations, by imposing sanctions or remedies for non-compliance or violations, and by providing mechanisms for redress and appeal for those affected by AI systems123.

• Promote transparency and accountability of AI organizations, by requiring them to disclose relevant information about their AI systems and practices, such as their objectives, methods, data sources, assumptions, limitations, outcomes, etc., and by ensuring that they have effective governance structures and processes to manage and mitigate the risks and impacts of AI1234.

These are some of the possible tips for governments on how to best scrutinize these AI organizations and hold them accountable. However, there may be other factors as well that are not captured by these sources. Moreover, governments may also face challenges or trade-offs in implementing these tips, such as balancing innovation and regulation, ensuring interoperability and harmonization across jurisdictions, addressing technical complexities and uncertainties, etc. Therefore, it may be important for governments to also engage in continuous learning and adaptation to keep pace with the evolving field of AI.

Question 8 of 9 for AI Services: If, in the future one would want to be more proactive and prevent tech companies from ambushing a global society with a potentially very disruptive new innovation that is being made available to an online audience of billions of users, what exactly can governments, businesses and the public do to achieve that goal?

ChatGPT-4’s answer:When it comes to handling potentially disruptive new technologies, proactive measures are indeed vital. Governments, businesses, and the public each have important roles to play:

Governments:

1. Regulation and Legislation: Governments should work to stay ahead of technological developments to ensure that legislation and regulation are in place before a new technology becomes widely used. This requires investment in technological understanding and forecasting within government bodies.

2. Technology Assessment Bodies: Governments can establish or support technology assessment bodies that evaluate new technologies for potential impacts before they reach the market.

3. International Cooperation: Given the global nature of technology, international cooperation is vital. Governments can work with other nations to establish global standards and norms for emerging technologies.

Businesses:

1. Ethical Guidelines and Impact Assessments: Businesses should commit to following ethical guidelines when developing new technologies, including conducting impact assessments to identify potential risks and harms.

2. Transparency and Communication: Businesses have a responsibility to communicate openly about their technologies, both with the public and with regulators. This includes transparency about the capabilities, limitations, and intended uses of their technologies.

3. Collaboration and Partnerships: Businesses can work with each other, with governments, and with civil society to ensure that new technologies are introduced responsibly.

Public:

1. Public Engagement and Activism: The public can engage in dialogues about new technologies, voice their concerns and demands, and hold businesses and governments accountable.

2. Education and Awareness: The public can educate themselves about new technologies and their potential impacts. This includes not only understanding the technologies themselves, but also their broader social, economic, and political implications.

3. Consumer Choices: The public can use their power as consumers to support businesses that act responsibly and hold those that do not accountable.

The introduction of new, potentially disruptive technologies is a complex issue that requires a collective, proactive approach. While it's challenging to predict exactly what new technologies will emerge and how they will impact society, these strategies can help ensure that we're better prepared for whatever comes next.

Google Bard’s answer:Here are some things that governments, businesses, and the public can do to be more proactive in preventing tech companies from ambushing a global society with a potentially very disruptive new innovation that is being made available to an online audience of billions of users:

• Governments can develop clear regulations for AI development and use. These regulations should be designed to promote transparency, accountability, and safety.

• Businesses can work with governments to develop and implement these regulations. Businesses can also develop their own internal policies and procedures to ensure that they are using AI in a responsible manner.

• The public can educate themselves about the potential risks and benefits of AI. The public can also demand that governments and businesses use AI responsibly.

By working together, governments, businesses, and the public can help to ensure that AI is developed and used in a way that is beneficial to society.

Here are some additional things that can be done:

• Encourage AI organizations to work with regulators, civil rights groups, and environmental organizations to develop and implement best practices for AI development and use. This will help to ensure that AI is used in a way that is ethical and responsible.

• Support research into the potential risks and benefits of AI. This research will help governments to make informed decisions about how to regulate AI.

• Monitor the development and use of AI closely. This will help governments to identify potential problems and take steps to address them.

By following these tips, governments, businesses, and the public can help to ensure that AI is used for good and not for harm.

Bing Chat’s answer:There may be many possible ways for governments, businesses and the public to be more proactive and prevent tech companies from ambushing a global society with a potentially very disruptive new innovation that is being made available to an online audience of billions of users. However, based on some web sources, here are some of the common ones:

• Establish a foresight and anticipation system that can identify and monitor emerging and disruptive technologies and their potential impacts on society, economy, environment, etc., and that can inform and advise policymakers and stakeholders on how to prepare and respond12.

• Engage in a multi-stakeholder dialogue and collaboration that can foster a shared understanding and vision of the opportunities and challenges of disruptive technologies, and that can co-create and co-implement solutions that are inclusive, ethical, and sustainable123.

• Develop a regulatory and governance framework that can balance innovation and regulation, and that can ensure the accountability, transparency, safety, and alignment of disruptive technologies with the values and goals of society123.

• Empower and educate the public and the users of disruptive technologies, by raising their awareness and literacy of the benefits and risks of such technologies, by providing them with access and control over their data and choices, and by enabling them to participate in the innovation process and the decision-making process123.

These are some of the possible ways for governments, businesses and the public to be more proactive and prevent tech companies from ambushing a global society with a potentially very disruptive new innovation that is being made available to an online audience of billions of users. However, there may be other factors as well that are not captured by these sources. Moreover, these ways may also face challenges or trade-offs in implementation, such as dealing with uncertainty and complexity, ensuring interoperability and harmonization across jurisdictions, addressing power asymmetries and conflicts of interest, etc. Therefore, it may be important for governments, businesses and the public to also adopt a flexible and adaptive approach to cope with the fast-changing technological landscape.Question 9 of 9 for AI Services: What is more disruptive, AI as a technology or the style and tactics of the business that deploys it?

ChatGPT-4’s answer:Both AI as a technology and the style and tactics of the businesses deploying it can be disruptive, but in different ways. Here's a brief look at how each can be disruptive:

1. AI as a Technology: Artificial Intelligence is a transformative technology that has the potential to profoundly impact a wide range of sectors, from healthcare and transportation to education and entertainment. It can automate tasks, provide new insights through data analysis, enable new forms of communication and interaction, and much more. These changes can be disruptive, forcing industries to adapt and evolve, and potentially leading to job displacement and other societal changes.

2. Business Practices: The way a business chooses to deploy AI can also be disruptive. If a company introduces an AI solution without properly considering its potential impacts or without adequate safeguards, it can cause harm or disruption. For example, deploying an AI system that hasn't been thoroughly tested for bias could lead to unfair outcomes. Alternatively, a company might use AI to gain a competitive advantage, disrupting market dynamics and forcing other companies to quickly adapt or risk becoming irrelevant.

In some cases, the business practices can be more disruptive than the technology itself. For instance, if a company uses AI in an unethical way, such as for mass surveillance or manipulation, the societal impact could be significant.

In summary, while AI as a technology has inherent disruptive potential, the manner in which it's used by businesses can amplify or mitigate this disruption. Therefore, it's crucial to not only focus on the development of the technology itself but also on creating responsible business practices and regulations for its deployment.

Google Bard’s answer:AI as a technology is more disruptive than the style and tactics of the business that deploys it. AI has the potential to change the way we live and work in many ways. For example, AI can be used to automate tasks, make predictions, and provide personalized recommendations. This can lead to significant changes in the way businesses operate and the way people interact with the world around them.

The style and tactics of the business that deploys AI can also be disruptive, but they are less likely to be as disruptive as AI itself. For example, a business might use AI to develop a new product or service that disrupts an existing market. However, this is still less disruptive than the potential changes that AI could bring about in the way we live and work.

Here are some examples of how AI is already disrupting businesses and industries:

• Retail: AI is being used to automate tasks such as customer service, inventory management, and pricing. This is leading to significant changes in the way retailers operate.

• Manufacturing: AI is being used to automate tasks such as quality control, production planning, and logistics. This is leading to significant changes in the way manufacturers operate.

• Healthcare: AI is being used to diagnose diseases, develop new treatments, and personalize care. This is leading to significant changes in the way healthcare is delivered.

• Finance: AI is being used to automate tasks such as fraud detection, risk assessment, and investment management. This is leading to significant changes in the way financial services are delivered.

These are just a few examples of how AI is disrupting businesses and industries. As AI continues to develop, it is likely to have an even greater impact on the way we live and work.

Bing Chat’s answer:That’s a very interesting question that may not have a simple or definitive answer. AI as a technology can be disruptive in the sense that it can create new capabilities and possibilities, challenge existing assumptions and paradigms, and transform various domains and sectors. However, the style and tactics of the business that deploys it can also be disruptive in the sense that it can influence how AI is perceived and used, shape the market and competitive dynamics, and affect the social and environmental impacts of AI. Therefore, it may not be a matter of either-or, but rather a matter of how both factors interact and influence each other. For example, a business that deploys AI in a way that is innovative, ethical, and beneficial may create positive disruption that enhances human well-being and social good. On the other hand, a business that deploys AI in a way that is exploitative, unethical, or harmful may create negative disruption that undermines human dignity and social justice. In this sense, both AI as a technology and the style and tactics of the business that deploys it can be disruptive, but in different ways and with different outcomes.